NASA Space

Technology Readiness Levels

Basic Technology Research:

Level 1: Basic principles observed and reported

Research to Prove Feasibility:

Level 2: Technology concept and/or application formulated

Level 3: Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept

Technology Development:

Level 4: Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment

Technology Demonstration:

Level 5: Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment

Level 6: System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment (ground or space)

System/Subsystem Development:

Level 7: System prototype demonstration in a space environment

System Test, Launch and Operations:

Level 8: Actual system completed and "flight qualified" through test and demonstration (ground or space)

Level 9: Actual system "flight proven" through successful mission operations

Return to:

• Sensors and Instrument Technology Page.
• Spacecraft Systems Division Page, also know as Code XS.
• Office of Space Access and Technology (OSAT), also known as Code X.
• NASA Headquarters Page.
• NASA Page.